wrote new unify-function that always returns minimal set of substitutions

lib/generics/unify.js

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import { eqType } from "../primitives/type.js";
+import { isTypeVar } from "../primitives/typevars.js";
+import { prettyT } from "../util/pretty.js";
+import { indent, zip } from "../util/util.js";
+import { compareStrings } from "../compare/primitives.js";
+import { getHumanReadableName } from "../primitives/symbol.js";
+import { occurring, substitute } from "./generics.js";
+
+export const prettyS = (typevar, type) => {
+  return `${getHumanReadableName(typevar)} ↦ ${prettyT(type)}`;
+}
+export const prettySS = (rUni) => '{'+[...rUni].map(([symbol,type]) => `${prettyS(symbol,type)}`).join(', ')+'}';
+
+export class IncompabibleTypesError extends Error {
+  constructor(typeA, typeB, nestedErr) {
+    const msg = `\nIncompatible types: ${prettyT(typeA)} and ${prettyT(typeB)}`;
+    if (nestedErr) {
+      super(msg + indent(nestedErr.message, 2));
+    }
+    else {
+      super(msg);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export class SubstitutionCycle extends Error {
+  constructor(typevar, type) {
+    super(`\nSubstitution cycle: ${getHumanReadableName(typevar)} ↦ ${prettyT(type)}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export const subsitutionsEqual = (m1,m2) => {
+  if (m1.size !== m2.size ) return false;
+  for (const [key1,type1] of m1) {
+    if (!eqType(m2.get(key1))(type1)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+// Partial ordering between types
+//  - deep-equal types are equal (e.g., Int == Int)
+//  - non-typevars are smaller than typevars (e.g., Int < a)
+//  - typevars with smaller letters are smaller (e.g., a < b)
+//  - if the symbols match, and if an ordering exists between all the parameters, then we take the ordering of the first non-equal parameter (e.g., (a,Int) < (b,Int))
+// returns: Ordering | undefined
+const partialCompareTypes = (typeA, typeB) => {
+  if (isTypeVar(typeA)) {
+    if (isTypeVar(typeB)) {
+      return compareStrings(typeA.symbol)(typeB.symbol);
+    }
+    if (!isTypeVar(typeB)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  if (isTypeVar(typeB)) {
+    // console.log(typeB, 'is a typevar');
+    return -1; // typeB is typevar, typeA is not
+  }
+
+  if (typeA.symbol === typeB.symbol) {
+    let result = 0;
+    for (const [paramA, paramB] of zip(typeA.params, typeB.params)) {
+      const paramCmp = partialCompareTypes(paramA(typeA), paramB(typeB));
+      if (paramCmp === undefined) return; // no ordering
+      result ||= paramCmp;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const checkCycle = (typevar, type) => {
+  if (occurring(type).has(typevar)) {
+    throw new SubstitutionCycle(typevar, type);
+  }
+}
+
+const addReduce = (substitutions, typevar, type) => {
+  // console.log('add ', prettyS(typevar, type));
+  substitutions.set(typevar, type);
+}
+
+const attemptReduce = (substitutions, typevar, type) => {
+  // assuming 'substitutions' is already reduced as much as possible,
+  // substitute all typevars in our type with the existing substitutions
+  const substType = substitute(type, substitutions);
+  // Check for cycles. For instance, the substitution
+  //    a ↦ [a]
+  // is forbidden. Not sure if this is too strict, because on the other hand, we do support recursive types...
+  checkCycle(typevar, substType);
+  const overlappingType = substitutions.get(typevar);
+  if (overlappingType) {
+    const uni = unify(overlappingType, substType);
+    for (const [typevar, type] of uni) {
+      attemptReduce(substitutions, typevar, type);
+    }
+    const cmp = partialCompareTypes(substType, overlappingType);
+    if (cmp === -1) {
+      // our type "wins" (smaller than the existing type)
+      addReduce(substitutions, typevar, substType);
+    }
+    else {
+      // other type "wins" -> don't do anything
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    // no overlap
+    addReduce(substitutions, typevar, substType);
+  }
+}
+
+export const unify = (typeA, typeB) => {
+  const substitutions = new Map();
+  try {
+    if (isTypeVar(typeA)) {
+      if (isTypeVar(typeB)) {
+        const cmp = partialCompareTypes(typeA, typeB);
+        if (cmp === -1) {
+          // console.log(prettyT(typeA), 'is smaller than', prettyT(typeB));
+          return new Map([[typeB.symbol, typeA]]);
+        }
+        if (cmp === 1) {
+          // console.log(prettyT(typeB), 'is smaller than', prettyT(typeA));
+          return new Map([[typeA.symbol, typeB]]);
+        }
+        return new Map(); // typevars are equal
+      }
+      // A is typevar, B is not
+      checkCycle(typeA.symbol, typeB);
+      return new Map([[typeA.symbol, typeB]]);
+    }
+    if (isTypeVar(typeB)) {
+      // B is typevar, A is not
+      checkCycle(typeB.symbol, typeA);
+      return new Map([[typeB.symbol, typeA]]);
+    }
+
+    // A and B are not typevars
+    if (typeA.symbol !== typeB.symbol) {
+      throw new IncompabibleTypesError(typeA, typeB);
+    }
+
+    const unifiedParams = zip(typeA.params, typeB.params)
+    .map(([getParamA, getParamB]) => {
+      const paramA = getParamA(typeA);
+      const paramB = getParamB(typeB);
+      // console.log('request...');
+      return unify(paramA, paramB);
+    });
+
+    // merge substitutions
+    unifiedParams.forEach(subst => {
+      for (const [typevar, type] of subst) {
+        attemptReduce(substitutions, typevar, type);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof SubstitutionCycle) {
+      throw new IncompabibleTypesError(typeA, typeB, e);
+    }
+    if (e instanceof IncompabibleTypesError) {
+      // nest errors to get a nice trace of what went wrong
+      throw new IncompabibleTypesError(typeA, typeB, e);
+    }
+    throw e;
+  }
+  return substitutions;
+};

tests/generics.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import assert from "node:assert";
-import { assignFn, makeGeneric, unify, UnifyError } from "../lib/generics/generics.js";
+import { assignFn, unify, UnifyError } from "../lib/generics/generics.js";
 import { getDefaultTypeParser } from "../lib/parser/type_parser.js";
 import { prettyT } from "../lib/util/pretty.js";
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ assert.equal(
   prettyT(
     unify(
       mkType("(a -> Int)"),
-      makeGeneric(() => mkType("[Bool] -> Int")),
+      mkType("[Bool] -> Int"),
     )
   ),
   // expected

tests/unify.js

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import assert from "node:assert";
+
+import { getDefaultTypeParser } from "../lib/parser/type_parser.js";
+import { IncompabibleTypesError, subsitutionsEqual, unify } from "../lib/generics/unify.js";
+
+
+const assertSubsitutionsEqual = (m1,m2) => {
+  if (!subsitutionsEqual(m1,m2)) {
+    throw new Error(`substitutions differ:\n  m1 = ${prettySS(m1)}\n  m2 = ${prettySS(m2)}`);
+  }
+};
+
+const mkType = getDefaultTypeParser();
+
+assertSubsitutionsEqual(
+  unify(
+    mkType("Int"),
+    mkType("Int"),
+  ),
+  new Map(),
+);
+
+assert.throws(
+  () => {
+    unify(
+      mkType("Int"),
+      mkType("Bool")
+    );
+  },
+  IncompabibleTypesError,
+);
+
+assertSubsitutionsEqual(
+  unify(
+    mkType("a -> Int"),
+    mkType("b -> b"),
+  ),
+  new Map([
+    [mkType("a").symbol, mkType("Int")],
+    [mkType("b").symbol, mkType("Int")],
+  ]),
+);
+
+assertSubsitutionsEqual(
+  unify(
+    mkType("(a -> Int)"),
+    mkType("[Bool] -> Int"),
+  ),
+  new Map([
+    [mkType("a").symbol, mkType("[Bool]")],
+  ]),
+);
+
+assertSubsitutionsEqual(
+  unify(
+    mkType("(a -> a) -> b"),
+    mkType("(Bool -> Bool) -> c"),
+  ),
+  new Map([
+    [mkType("a").symbol, mkType("Bool")],
+    [mkType("c").symbol, mkType("b")],
+  ]),
+);
+
+assert.throws(
+  () => {
+    unify(
+      mkType("a -> (a -> Ordering)"),
+      mkType("[b] -> b"),    
+    );
+  },
+  IncompabibleTypesError,
+);
+
+assertSubsitutionsEqual(
+  unify(
+    mkType("[a] -> (Int -> a)"),
+    mkType("b -> c"),
+  ),
+  new Map([
+    [mkType("b").symbol, mkType("[a]")],
+    [mkType("c").symbol, mkType("Int -> a")],
+  ]),
+);
+
+assert.throws(
+  () => {
+    unify(
+      mkType("[a] -> (Int -> a)"),
+      mkType("b -> (c -> b)"),
+    );
+  },
+  IncompabibleTypesError,
+  // String,
+);
+
+assertSubsitutionsEqual(
+  unify(
+    mkType("a -> b -> a -> b"),
+    mkType("c -> c -> d -> e"),
+  ),
+  new Map([
+    [mkType("b").symbol, mkType("a")],
+    [mkType("c").symbol, mkType("a")],
+    [mkType("d").symbol, mkType("a")],
+    [mkType("e").symbol, mkType("a")],
+  ]),
+);